程训友
时态是英语教学中的一个重要内容,同时它也是学生学习英语过程中的重点和难点。在历年的高考英语中,对于时态的考查都占了相当大的比重。为了便于考生复习备考,笔者针对近几年高考英语试题中出现的常考时态进行了归纳与分类,希望能对大家有所帮助。
一、一般过去时
1.题干中有明显的时间状语
Judyisgoingtomarrythesailorshe____inRomelastyear.(2008重庆)
A.meetsB.met
C.hasmetD.wouldmeet
(选项中斜体字部分为正确答案,下同。)
2.虚拟语气的提示作用
1)Iftheweatherhadbeenbetter,wecouldhavehadapicnic.Butit____
allday.(2008全国卷域)
A.rainedB.rains
C.hasrainedD.israining
2)Bobwouldhavehelpedusyes-terday,buthe____.(2010安徽)
A.wasbusyB.isbusy
C.hadbeenbusyD.willbebusy
3.语境中体现出现在与过去在认识上的不同与冲突
1)Edward,youplaysowell.ButI____youplayedthepiano.(2009全国卷1)
A.didn’tknowB.hadn’tknown
C.don’tknowD.haven’tknown
2)Whatweusedtothink____impossiblenowdoesseempossible.(2006天津)
A.isB.was
C.hasbeenD.willbe4.
动作发生在过去的一段时间,表示过去的一个事实
—YouspeakverygoodFrench!—Thanks.I____FrenchinSichuanUniversityforfouryears.(2009四川)
A.studiedB.study
C.wasstudyingD.hadstudied
[延伸]根据语境判断,若表示过去的那段时间一直在做某事,则用过去进行时。例如院
—HaveyoufinishedreadingJaneEyre?要No,I____myhomeworkallday
yesterday.(2010全国卷玉)
A.wasdoingB.woulddo
C.haddoneD.do5.
上下文语境中的暗示
1)要Thefoodhereisniceenough.—Myfriend____mearightplace.(2009湖南)
A.introduces
B.introduced
C.hadintroduced
D.wasintroducing
2)You’vefailedtodowhatyou____toandI’mafraidtheteacherwill
blameyou.(2010四川)
A.willexpect
B.willbeexpected
C.expected
D.wereexpected
二、现在完成时
1.某一动作从过去一直延续到现在(包括过去和现在两个时段)
1)存在标志性的时间状语
(1)Progress____sofarverygoodandwesurethattheworkwillbefinishedontime.(2009全国卷)
A.wasB.hadbeen
C.hasbeenD.willbe
(2)Uptonow,theprogram____thousandsofchildrenwhowouldother-
wisehavedied.(2010山东)
A.wouldsaveB.saves
C.hadsavedD.hassaved
2)语境中体现有逐渐积累的过程
(1)ThepopulationofJiangsu____tomorethantwicewhatitwasin1949.Thefigureisnowapproaching74million.(2009江苏)
A.hasgrownB.havegrown
C.grewD.aregrowing
(2)IfNewtonlivedtoday,hewouldbesurprisebywhat____insci-enceandtechnology.(2007天津)
A.haddiscovered
B.hadbeendiscovered
C.hasdiscovered
D.hasbeendiscovered
3)上下文语境中的暗示
(1)Danny____hardforlongtorealizehisdreamandnowheispopu-lar.(2007福建)
A.worksB.isworking
C.hasworkedD.worked
(2)Thecoffeeiswonderful!Itdoes-n’ttastelikeanythingI____before.
(2005全国卷1)
A.washavingB.have
C.haveeverhadD.hadeverhad
2.过去的动作对现在造成的影响
1)Igotcaughtintherainandmysuit____.(2007北京)
A.hasruined
B.hadruined
C.hasbeenruined
D.hadbeenruined
2)Millionsofpounds’worthofdamage____byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.(2005重庆)
A.hasbeencaused
B.hadbeencaused
C.willbecaused
D.willhavebeencaused
[延伸]现在完成进行时院在现在完成时的基础上,更强调现在正在发生。例如院
IhavetoseethedoctorbecauseI____alotlately.(2010陕西)
A.havebeencoughing
B.hadcoughed
C.coughed
D.cough
三、过去完成时
对于过去完成时这一时态,可简单地理解为院在过去某个动作之前,已经完成的行为。因此,辨别这一时态的关键是找到一个相对的参照物,由此进一步地进行判断是否应用过去完成时。例如院
—Wereyousurprisedbytheend-ingofthefilm?—No,I____thebook,soIalreadyknewthestory.(2010安徽)
A.wasreadingB.hadread
C.amreadingD.haveread
四、一般将来时
1.用一般现在时表示将来
1)在if,when,before等连词引导的条件或时间状语从句中,从句部分常用一般现在时表示将来,或用现在完成时表示将来完成时。
(1)Ifyouplantwatermelonseedsinthespring,you____freshwatermeloninthefall.(2010浙江)
A.eatB.wouldeat
C.haveeatenD.willbeeating
(2)MyparentshavepromisedtocometoseemebeforeI_____forAfrica.(2009辽宁)
A.haveleftB.leave
C.leftD.willleave
(3)—Whenshallwerestartourbusiness?—Notuntilwe____ourplan.(2010四川)
A.willfinishB.arefinishing
C.aretofinishD.havefinished
2)对于在日程表或时间表上事先已经确定下来且将来会发生的事情,常用一般现在时表将来。这一用法常用在学校、汽车站、飞机场等场所。例如院
Lookatthetimetable.Hurryup!
Flight4026____offat18:20.(2006四川)
A.takesB.took
C.willbetakenD.hastaken
2.句型:祈使句+and/or+句子(将来时态)
1)要HowcanIapplyforanonlinecourse?—Justfilloutthisformandwe____whatwecandoforyou.(2007北京)
A.seeB.areseeing
C.haveseenD.willsee
2)Startoutrightaway,____you’llmissthefirsttrain.(2006四川)
A.andB.but
C.orD.while
3.用现在进行时表示将来(常表示最近或较近的将来)
Ladiesandgentlemen,pleasefas-tenyourseatbelts.Theplane____.(2006福建)
A.takesoffB.istakingoff
C.hastakenoffD.tookoff
常用于这种结构的动词有院go,come,leave,start,begin,run,leave,stay,
do,take等。这种用法往往指已经安排好的,一般不会更改且即将发生的动作。
4.begoingto表示“打算”
—Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon?—Iamgoingtothecinemawith
somefriends.Thefilm____quiteearly,sowe____tothebookstoreafterthat.(2005重庆)
A.finished;aregoing
B.finished;go
C.finishes;aregoing
D.finishes;go
5.will表示临时做出的决定要DidyoutellJuliaabouttheresult?要Oh,no,Iforgot.I____hernow.(2005全国芋)
A.willbecallingB.willcall
C.callD.amtocall
[延伸]若表示将来某一刻要发生的事情,则用将来进行时。例如院要Guesswhat,we’vegotourvisasforashort-termvisittotheUKthissummer.—Hownice!You____adifferentculturethen.(2010福建)
A.willbeexperiencing
B.haveexperienced
C.havebeenexperiencing
D.willhaveexperienced
五、现在进行时和过去进行时(表示现在或过去正在发生的动作)
1.Wouldyoupleasekeepsilent?
Theweatherreport____andIwanttolisten.(2009湖南)
A.isbroadcast
B.isbeingbroadcast
C.hasbeenbroadcast
D.hadbeenbroadcast
2.—Didyouwatchthebasket-ballmatchyesterday?—Yes,Idid.Youknow,mybrother____inthematch.(2008安徽)
A.isplayingB.wasplaying
C.hasplayedD.hadplayed
[延伸]若表示目前正在发生的一种状态,要用现在进行时。例如院
Teenagers____theirhealthbe-causetheyplaycomputergamestoo
much.(2008重庆)
A.havedamagedB.aredamaging
C.damagedD.willdamage
六、一般现在时
1.客观事实(一般事实)
1)ProfessorWilliamskeepstellinghisstudentsthatthefuture____tothewell-educated.(2009重庆)
A.belongs
B.isbelonged
C.isbelonging
D.willbebelonged
2)Accordingtotheliteraryreview,Shakespeare____hischaracterslive
throughtheirlanguageinhisplays.(2009福建)
A.willmakeB.hadmade
C.wasmakingD.makes
2.现在事实
1)Myparents____inHongKong.
Theywerebornthereandhaveneverlivedanywhereelse.(2009天津)
A.liveB.lived