论文摘要
骨条藻(Skeletonema)是一类广泛分布在近海海岸的浮游硅藻,大量繁殖可引起赤潮。以往对我国骨条藻的研究绝大多数都是以中肋骨条藻(S.costatum)为主,种类单一。而对于淡水水体中骨条藻的形态特征、分类位置、生态特点及地理分布研究甚少。且淡水骨条藻种间形态差异相对较小,光镜下难以辨别,需要通过电镜观察并结合分子生物学手段,增加了淡水骨条藻分类的难度。近年来,在对上海市主要水体进行浮游植物监测时,我们发现了一种骨条藻逐渐成为水体的优势种,为了明确该种骨条藻的分类地位,本研究对采自滴水湖的骨条藻进行分离纯化培养,通过光镜和电镜下的形态观察,并结合三种分子标记基因比对结果,将其确认为近盐骨条藻(S.subsalsum);选用三种标记基因核糖体LSU nrDNA、ITS片段(5.8s rDNA及转录间隔区)、线粒体编码细胞色素C氧化酶基因I(COXI)对其进行遗传多样性及系统进化研究,分析骨条藻属的种内和种间株系差异以及系统进化关系,并比较得出骨条藻属种类鉴定的最适标记基因;本论文还探讨了不同温度、光照和盐度对近盐骨条藻生长的影响,以及不同盐度对该种形态结构的影响,并且结合国内外报道以及本实验室近年的研究,分析讨论了近盐骨条藻的地理分布情况。本研究为骨条藻属种类的分类、生理特性及生理分布等方面研究提供重要资料。主要研究结果如下:1.本研究对上海市滴水湖的优势种骨条藻进行纯培养,利用形态学和分子生物学手段结合的方法,鉴定该种为近盐骨条藻。该种主要的形态特征是:光镜下,细胞呈长方形,色素体1—2个,细胞间距不明显。壳缘有一圈支持突,与相邻细胞的对应支持突相接,组成直或弯曲的长链;电镜下壳面直径3—6μm,壳面平缓,网孔大多呈矩形在壳面上辐射状排列,纵向1μm内3—4个,横向1μm内5—7个。外壳面肋纹边缘高度硅质化,网孔为伪室,有外孔。中间支持突(IFPP)末端不规则扩张,7—13个,以波状边缘与相邻细胞的中间支持突紧紧相连,连接方式为1:1或1:2。唇形突(IRP)位于壳面边缘,在内壳面,支持突开孔被三个卫星孔包围。2.本研究分析了近盐骨条藻株系基于三种标记基因的遗传多样性以及系统进化位置,发现该种与中肋骨条藻和江河骨条藻构成一个姐妹群;此外,分析得出在三种标记基因中,线粒体编码细胞色素氧化酶C(COXI)最适合作为该属种间差异分析。3.由于骨条藻属大多为海水种,生境多为海域或者河口,而本研究的骨条藻种类是在湖泊中发现的,因此我们研究了盐度对于近盐骨条藻形态的影响。实验设置了不同盐度梯度(0—10‰),结果表明:盐度在0—10‰之间,壳面直径变化不大,大小在3—6μm间波动;细胞贯长轴长度随着盐度增加,明显变短,但盐度增加至2‰以后,变化不明显;支持突随着盐度增加(0—8‰),逐渐增长,且相关性显著,但盐度在8‰以上时,支持突长度基本不变。4.国内外关于近盐骨条藻的研究较少,尚未有该种的生理特性研究。因此本研究探索了近盐骨条藻最适的生长条件。实验表明,近盐骨条藻适宜生长的温度范围是20—30℃,最适温度为25℃,温度在35℃对其生长有一定抑制作用,该种在较低温度下可以进行低速率生长;近盐骨条藻适合在60—90μmol/(m~2·s)之间的中等强度光照下,强光照对就近盐骨条藻的生长具有一定抑制作用;该种适宜生长在低盐度下,盐度接近0‰,盐度大于5‰时,细胞也可生长,但是生长缓慢,盐度在10‰以上,几乎不生长。
论文目录
文章来源
类型: 硕士论文
作者: 陈婉婉
导师: 王全喜,尤庆敏
关键词: 近盐骨条藻,形态学,系统发育,生理实验
来源: 上海师范大学
年度: 2019
分类: 基础科学
专业: 生物学
单位: 上海师范大学
分类号: Q949.2
总页数: 79
文件大小: 3470K
下载量: 46
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