浅析英语中的倒装
夏黎明
摘要:倒装句既是中考的热点,也是学生学习的难点。本文对倒装句的用法进行了归纳。
关键词:倒装句;倒装结构;英语
作者简介:夏黎明,任教于安徽省当涂县新博初中。
在英语中,主语常在谓语的前面,但是,有时候由于语法上或者修辞上的需要,将谓语的一部分或全部提到了主语的前面,这样的句子就叫做倒装句。倒装句分为完全倒装和部分倒装。完全倒装将句子中的整个谓语完全移到主语前面;部分倒装只是把助动词、系动词或情态动词移到主语的前面。倒装句既是中考的热点,也是学生学习的难点。现将其用法归纳如下:
1.在疑问句中,常用倒装结构。例如:
Doesshelikemusic?
Whyareyousohappytoday?
注意:如果疑问句中的主语是疑问词或疑问词修饰时,不能倒装。
Whoisnotherenow?
2.“Therebe”结构用倒装句。例如:
Therearemanybooksonthedesk.
Thereisacomputerinthestudy.
3.某些表示否定意义的副词、连词或词组位于句首时,通常采用倒装句形式。
(1)表示否定意义的词位于句首时,例如:no,not,hardly,never,rarely,scarcely,little,few,seldom,nowhere等。
NeverhaveIwatchedsuchawonderfulperformance.
HardlyhadIheardoftheactorbeforeIsawthefilm.
(2)表示否定意义的词组位于句首时,例如:atnotime,innoway,
onnoaccount,bynomeans等。例如:
Atnotimeissmokingpermittedinthelibrary.
InnowaycanEnglishstudyingbegivenup.
Bynomeanswillthiswaybesatisfactory.
(3)在notuntil引导的时间状语从句中,要用倒装句结构。
NotuntilIfinishedmyhomeworkdidIgotobed.
Notuntilthespeechwasoverdidthestudentsleavethehall.
(4)在notonly/just…butalso;neither…nor连接的句子中,也要用倒装句结构。例如:
Notonlyarethestudentscrazyaboutthefilm,butalsotheteacherslikeit.
Neitherhashewatchedthisfilm,norwillhereadthereviewaboutit.
注意:如果句首的Notonly…butalso只是连接两个单词,不须用倒装结构。例如:
Notonlyhebutalsoyouarefondofdrawing.
(5)在hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than结构中,必须用倒装结构。例如:
Hardlyhadtheycometothefieldswhentheybegantowork.
Nosoonerhadhegothomethanthephonerang.
4.在so…that结构中,为了强调so后面的内容,可以把so连同它修饰的形容词或副词一起放到句首,采用倒装句的结构。例如:
Sobusywashethatheforgottohavelunch.
Soharddidshestudythatshealwaysgotgoodmarksinthetests.
5.副词only和它所修饰的状语一起位于句首时,必须用倒装结构。
OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglish.
OnlylastnightdidIknowthetruth.
OnlywhenImetherdidIrealizetheimportanceofMaths.
6.在以neither,nor,so开头的句子中,表示前一句陈述的情况也适合于另一个人或物时,常用倒装句。例如:
Hecannotswim.Neithercanhisbrother.
Youlikesingingpopsongs.SodoesDavid.
注意:如果后面的句子只是重复前一句的意思,而不表示适合另一个人或物时,不用倒装。例如:
—Shehascharmingeyes.
—Sosheis.
7.表示地点的介词短语位于句首时,也采用倒装结构。例如:
Infrontofthebuildingstandsometalltrees.
Onthegroundlayablackdog.
8.有些副词如:now,then,here,there,up,down,out,in,away,back,over,off等位于句首时,谓语动词大多为不及物动词、主语为名词时,必须用倒装句。例如:
Look!Herecomesthebus.
Awayfliesthetime.
注意:如果主语时人称代词时,不需用倒装。例如:
Inhecameandthemeetingbegan.
9.有些副词如:often,always,once,manyatime,nowandthen,everyotherday等位于句首时,常用倒装。例如:
AlwaysdoeshehelpmewithmyEnglish.
Manyatimehashedonatedmoneytothecharity.
10.以as引导的让步状语从句常用倒装结构。例如:
Youngassheis,sheknowsagreatdeal.
Hardasheworked,hedidnotpasstheexams.
巩固练习:
1.Onthewall___twobasketballs.
A.hangsB.hangC.hangedD.hanging
2.——DoyouknowJimarguedwithhisbrothers?
——Donotknow,______.
A.nordon’tIcareB.nordoIcare
C.Idon’tcareneitherD.don’tcarealso
3.Afterthatweneversawher,nor____fromher.
A.didwehearB.weheardC.hadweheardD.wehaveheard
4.Onlywhenthewarwasover____tolivehappily.
A.didtheybeginB.theybeganC.theydidbeginD.hadtheybegun
5.Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury____whatheatis.
A.mandidknowB.manknowC.didn’tmanknowD.didmanknow
6.Notonly____pollutedbutalsotheairis.
A.theriverisB.theriverwasC.theriversareD.aretherivers
7.Hardly____himwhenItoldhimthenews.
A.IsawB.hadImetC.IhadmetD.didIsee
8.Inthenextroom____twoforeignersfromJapan.
A.livesB.liveC.arelivedD.living
9.So____thatshewenttobedearly.
A.shewastiredB.wasshetiredC.tiredshewasD.tiredwasshe
10.Iknowtheanswertothequestion____.
A.sohedoB.sodoesheC.hedoessoD.sohedoes
参考答案:1-5:BBAAD;6-10:DBBCB.
作者单位:安徽省当涂县新博初中
邮政编码:243132
OnInvertedSentenceinEnglish
XiaLiming
Abstract:Invertedsentenceisthehotanddifficultpointinentranceexaminationforseniorhighschool.Thispapersummarizestheusageofinvertedsentence.
Keywords:invertedsentence;invertedstructure;English