周结兵
摘要:纵观历年中考,单项选择的得分率都不高。究其原因,大多数考生面对纷纷乱乱、零零碎碎的语法知识无计可施、无从下笔,不知如何应对?难道做好单选题真的无计可施吗?不!单选有“法”可依,有“巧”可取。笔者耕耘英语教坛十多年,总结出了应对单选题的科学方法与技巧。欲就此做一番浅谈,以飨广大考生及英语学习爱好者。
关键词:中考英语;单项选择题;解题技巧
一、增元法
增元法就是将残缺的或省略了的句子成分补充完整,使不完整的句子完整。如英文中的Ifnecessary=if(itis)necessary,ifpossible=if(itis)possible,whatif…=what(shouldsbdo)if…/what(doesitmatter)if…/what(wouldhappen)if…?都是最典型的例子。请看:Whatawonderfulmovie,?(1)
A.doesitB.isitC.doesn’titD.isn’tit
—Itrains?(2)
—Wecangoonworkingwithourraincoats.
A.Though,onB.What,inC.Whatif,onD.How,in
分析:使用增元法将句(1)补充为:whatawonderfulmovieitis!将句(2)的问句补充完整,使之成为:Whatshallwedoifitrains?答案已经出来了,有这样一题:Idon’tthinkJoesawmebecauseheintospace.A.hasjuststaredB.hadjuststaredC.wasjuststaringD.hasjustbeenstaring
笔者是这样思考的:在原句的基础上加一个时间状语从句,使之为:Idon’tthinkJoesawmebecauseheintospacewhenIsawhim.答案简单多了。
二、倒置法。顾名思义,就是颠倒前后句顺序的解题技巧。请看:
ShespokeIdidn’trealizeshewasAmerican.(1)
A.WhenB.UntilC.WhatD.If
Toallthepeopleherethehonorforthesuccess.(2)
A.belongingB.belongsC.belongstoD.belongto
解析:若用倒置法将句(1)变为:Ididn’trealiseshewasAmericanshespoke.将句(2)变成Thehonorforthesuccessstoallthepeople.答案就一目了然,不是吗?你也试试!
gotoseethefilm,Iprefertowalkinthepark.(4)A.BetterB.MorethanC.RatherthanD.Otherthan
三、还原法
还原法,即将复合句还原成简单句的解题法,此法在选择确定定语从句中的介词有特效,不信?且看:
ThepersonwhomyoushouldwriteisMrBall.(1)
A.atB.overC.toD.in
ThecarwhichIspent150,000yuanismadeinChina.(2)
A.withB.atC.onD.in
分析:我们可将句(1)还原成:YoushouldwritetoMrBall,将句(2)还原成Ispent150,000yuanonthecar。是不是特有效呢?轮到你了。
Thefarmwhichheworksisverybig.(5)
A.inB.onC.atD.above
ThecarwhichIpaid150,000yuanismadeinChina.(6)
A.onB.inC.forD.with
四、删减法
删减法又称忽略法,是将句中的修饰、限定、附加等成分从原句中去掉,忽略不看,从而达到解题目的技法。请看:
ThebikeMrSmithhadstolen?(1)
A.WasB.BeenC.HaveD.Had
Thenewsthattheyfailedintheexamdiscouragedhim,?(2)
A.didtheyB.didn’ttheyC.diditD.didn’tit
分析:我们可以忽略句(1)中的MrSmithhad,因为它是修饰限定bike的定语从句,使句子变成:thebikestolen?同样地,若忽略句(2)中的同位语从句thattheyfailedintheexam,使之为:Thenewsdiscouragedhim答案就浮出题面了。你来试试:
Nothingexceptthreeolddesksinthehouse.(7)
A.isB.areC.wereD.had
Mrwhitetogetherwithhistwosonsinthegardennow.(8)
A.playB.playingC.areplayingD.isplaying
五、假设性回答法
假设性回答法是对提问的一般或特殊问句等进行假设性回答的解题技巧。
如:
Whodoyouwanttowithyou?(1)
A.havegoneB.havegoC.goingD.went
Isthisthefactoryyouvisitedyesterday?(2)
A.onwhichB.towhichC.thatD.where
解析:我们不防大胆地假设(1):IwanttohaveTomgowithme(havesbdosth),(2):Thisisthefactory(that/which)Ivisitedyesterday.下面的单选你会吗?
——Whoareyougoingtohavethisletterforyou?(9)
——Mysecretary
A.typeB.typedC.havetypedD.beentyping
Isthismuseumtheyvisitedtheotherday?(10)
A.theoneB.whichC.whatD.where
答案解析:(1)D.回答可补充为:Losinghernewbikemadehersoupset.(2)D.只需将原句完善为:Whatcleverboystheyare!(3)C.if句实际是ifthereisanymistake.(4)C.原句可颠倒成:Iprefertowalkintheparkratherthangotoseethefilm,即prefertodosthratherthandosth.(5)B.将原句还原为:Heworksonthefarm.(6)C.可将原句还原成:Ipaid150,000yuanforthecar.(7)A.去掉exceptthreeolddesks,使之为:Nothingisinthehouse.(8)D.忽略togetherwithhistwosons就成为:MrWhiteisplayinginthegardennow.(9)A.回答后为:I’mgoingtohavemysecretarytypethisletterforme.(10)A.Thismuseumisthemuseum(one)theyvisitedtheotherday.
作者单位:安徽省望江县实验学校
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