Direct conversion of furfural to levulinic acid/ester in dimethoxymethane:Understanding the mechanism for polymerization

论文摘要

This study investigated the conversion of furfural to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural（HMF） and further to levulinic acid/ester in dimethoxymethane under acidic conditions, with the particular focus on understanding the mechanism for polymer formation. The results showed that furfural could react with dimethoxymethane via electrophilic substitution reaction to form HMF or the ether/acetal of HMF, which were further converted to levulinic acid and methyl levulinate. The polymerization of furfural and the cross-polymerization between dimethoxymethane and the levulinic acid/ester produced were the main side reactions leading to the decreased yields of levulinic acid/ester. Comparing to the other solvent, methanol as the co-solvent helped to alleviate but not totally inhibited the occurrences of the polymerization, as the polymerization reactions via aldol condensation did not eliminate the C=O functionalities. As a consequence, the polymerization reactions continued to proceed. Other co-solvent used such as guaiacol, dimethyl sulfoxide and acetone interfered with the transformation of furfural to HMF or aided the polymerization reactions. The polymer produced from the reactions between furfural and DMM was different from that produced from levulinic acid/ester. The former had a higher crystallinity, while the latter was more aliphatic. The DRIFTS and TG-MS studies showed that the polymer had the carboxylic group, methyl group and the aliphatic structure in the skeleton. The removal of these functionalities was accompanied by the aromatization of the polymer. The condensation of DMM with levulinic acid/ester was the key reason for the diminished production of levulinic acid/ester.

论文目录

文章来源

类型: 期刊论文

作者: Yuewen Shao,Xun Hu,Zhanming Zhang,Kai Sun,Guanggang Gao,Tao Wei,Shu Zhang,Song Hu,Jun Xiang,Yi Wang

来源: Green Energy & Environment 2019年04期

年度: 2019

分类: 工程科技Ⅱ辑,工程科技Ⅰ辑

专业: 有机化工

单位: School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan,College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University,School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology

基金: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51876080),the Strategic International Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation Special Funds of National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2016YFE0204000),the Program for Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province Government,the Recruitment Program of Global Young Experts (Thousand Youth Talents Plan),the Natural Science Fund of Shandong Province (ZR2017BB002),the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province (2018GSF116014)

分类号: TQ316

页码: 400-413

总页数: 14

文件大小: 2174K

下载量: 11

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